Reindeer antlers are made of a special material called "bony outgrowths". They are composed of keratin, which is the same material that makes up your hair and fingernails. Antlers grow from a single point on the skull and are covered in a thin layer of skin called the periosteum. Over the course of the year, the periosteum grows and expands, causing the antlers to grow larger and more complex. The antlers eventually stop growing and become covered in a thin layer of velvet, which is eventually shed as the antlers mature.