Elf on a Shelf is a Christmas tradition where a special elf doll, known as the "Elf on the Shelf," is placed in a household to serve as Santa's eyes and ears. The elf is said to report back to Santa each night about the children's behavior, keeping track of whether they have been good or bad. In return, the elf brings a sense of Christmas magic and wonder to the home, as the children look forward to finding its mischievous antics each morning.