Elf on a shelf is a popular Christmas tradition where a small elf doll is placed in a hidden location each night. The elf watches the children's behavior during the day and reports back to Santa about their behavior. The children believe the elf is reporting back to Santa each night and the elf is only allowed to move if they have been good. Elf on a shelf is a way for parents to encourage their children to behave well during the holiday season.