Elf on the Shelf is a popular Christmas tradition where an elf doll is placed in a home to keep an eye on the children and report back to Santa. The elf can move around the house each night while the family sleeps, and in the morning, the children wake up to find the elf in a different spot or doing something funny. It's a fun way to get children excited about Christmas and to remind them to be on their best behavior during the holiday season.