The elf on the shelf is a Christmas tradition that started in the early 1900s. It's a small elf doll that sits on a shelf or in a tree and watches over the house. According to the tradition, the elf is sent by Santa Claus to watch over the children and report back to him about their behavior. Each night, the elf moves to a different location, and the children wake up to find it in a new place. The elf also plays tricks and games with the children, providing some extra fun during the holiday season.