how to dissolve urine crystals in urinals

Sure, I can explain it by combining mathematical and chemical principles. Urinal crystals, also known as uric acid crystals, form due to the high concentration of uric acid in urine. To dissolve these, you normally use acid-based cleaners due to their ability to react with the uric acid.

In chemistry, acid-base reactions or neutralization reactions occur where an acid and base react to form a salt and water. Here, the acid from the cleaner reacts with the uric acid (the base) to form a salt, which is soluble and can be rinsed away with water.

Absolutely, that's where math comes into play. The amount of acid required will be directly proportional to the concentration of uric acid. The higher the uric acid concentration, the more cleaner will be required to neutralize it.