Once you open the Instagram app, click on the '+' button at the bottom center to start a new post. Select the photo you want to post and click on 'Next'. If you need to adjust the size, you can use the 'pinch to zoom' method. Finally, click 'Next', apply any filters or edits as you desire, and then click 'Next' again to write your caption, tag people, and then tap 'Share' at the top-right corner.